This report addresses: (1) the specific policy needs for common protocols to measure, verify and report energy savings in the Northeast, (2) the level of transparency and consistency in existing M&V protocols and economic frameworks used in the Northeast states; and 3) lessons to learn from experience with M&V protocols in other states and regions of the country. The report provides conclusions and recommendations to policymakers for how common regional protocols can be developed to serve key policy interests. The intended audience includes stakeholders in the Northeast (e.g., policy makers and regulators, evaluators, modelers, program implementers including utilities) as well as other states that are likewise grappling with how improved and more consistent M&V approaches can simplify and enhance their efforts to advance energy efficiency.