On April 27, soon after the explosion at the Upper Big Branch mine in West Virginia that killed 29 miners, Jeffrey Harris, a former miner at the site, testified before the Senate committee that I chair. Mr. Harris described how the company lied to the employees about safety conditions in the mine, demanded the employees underreport injuries and instructed employees to interfere with federal mine inspectors who visited the site to review safety conditions. Mr. Harris explained that workers were desperate for a good-paying job, and they feared they would be singled out and fired if they complained. In the end, Mr. Harris quit his job because the safety conditions were intolerable. He knew what the country was about to learn: The mine at Upper Big Branch was a disaster waiting to happen, and in some of our nation’s mines, American workers were playing Russian roulette by going to work.