Beef cattle begin their lives as they always have in pasture or on the range. What has changed significantly in recent years is the amount of time they spend there and what happens to them when they leave. At the beginning of the last century, steers were 4 or 5 years of age at slaugh- ter. That dropped to 2 or 3 years by the 1950s, and to just 14 to 16 months today, only the first 6 to 8 months of which is spent grazing (60).